to promote information retention by drivers and understanding without distracting the driver (Lee et al. 2021).

NCHRP Research Report 835: Guidelines for Implementing Managed Lanes (2016)

This document addresses the wide range of issues and complexities related to planning and implementing managed lanes. The document offers a comprehensive set of guidelines addressing a broad array of issues affecting design, implementation, operation, and maintenance of managed lanes. Steps in the planning and implementation process include defining initial objectives, outlining the necessary decision-making process, and addressing safety concerns, through the process of detailed design configuration and operation. These guidelines serve as a primary reference on managed lanes—complementing other national guidelines—and are applicable to practitioners at all levels of experience when designing and implementing managed lanes on freeways and expressways (Fitzpatrick et al. 2016).

SHRP 2 Report S2-L07-RR-1:Identification and Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness of Highway Design Features to Reduce Nonrecurrent Congestion (2014)

This research report presents the findings on the identification and evaluation of the use of highway geometric design features on freeways to reduce nonrecurrent congestion and improve travel time reliability. The report provides general guidelines on the range of design elements that could be used by transportation agencies to improve travel time reliability and reduce nonrecurrent congestion, analysis procedures and models to measure their operational and safety effectiveness, and a life-cycle benefit/cost method to support decision-maker on the possible use of individual treatments to address actual nonrecurring traffic conditions. For the safety effectiveness analysis, a new relationship between safety and congestion was explored, and a mathematical model was developed to quantify crash frequency at various levels of service (Potts et al. 2014b).

Analysis Tool for Design Treatments to Address Nonrecurrent Congestion: Spreadsheet Tool (2014)

The Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Project L07 Analysis Tool is designed to analyze the effects of highway geometric design treatments on nonrecurrent congestion using a reliability framework. A Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) interface overlaying a Microsoft Excel–based spreadsheet (Excel 2007 and above), the tool is designed to analyze a generally homogeneous segment of a freeway (typically between successive interchanges). The tool allows the user to input data regarding site geometry, traffic demand, incident history, weather, special events, and work zones. Based on these data, the tool calculates base reliability conditions. The user can then analyze the effectiveness of a variety of treatments by providing straightforward input data regarding the treatment effects and cost parameters. As outputs, the tool predicts cumulative travel time index curves for each hour of the day, from which other reliability variables are computed and displayed.

The tool also calculates cost-effectiveness by assigning monetary values to delay and reliability improvements and comparing these benefits to expected costs over the life of each treatment (SHRP 2 2014c).

Analysis Tool for Design Treatments to Address Nonrecurrent Congestion: Annotated Graphical User’s Guide, Version 2 (2014)

This user’s guide provides information on using the SHRP 2 Project L07 Analysis Tool, which is designed to analyze the effects of highway geometric design treatments on nonrecurrent

congestion using a reliability framework. The guide is pictorial and annotated and displays most of the entry screens presented to the user by the tool, with descriptions of their respective meanings and usage.

Much of this help content (and additional guidelines) is also embedded in the tool via information buttons (SHRP 2 2014a).

Analysis Tool for Design Treatments to Address Nonrecurrent Congestion: Demand Generator (2014)

The SHRP 2 Project L07 Analysis Tool is designed to analyze the effects of highway geometric design treatments on nonrecurrent congestion using a reliability framework. The tool is a VBA interface overlaying a Microsoft Excel–based spreadsheet (Excel 2007 and above). The demand generator is a spreadsheet that allows the user to develop demand data (volumes and heavy vehicle percentages) for use by the Project L07 Analysis Tool (SHRP 2 2014b).

SHRP 2-Report S2-L07-RR-2: Design Guide for Addressing Nonrecurrent Congestion (2014)

The purpose of this guide is to give transportation engineers, designers, planners, and decision-makers an understanding and technical reference on how different highway geometric design elements can be deployed, in new designs or site retrofit actions, to contribute specifically to the reduction of nonrecurring congestion and travel time reliability improvement on both urban and rural freeways. The guide introduces the nonrecurring and travel time reliability topics and metrics, a catalog of design elements, and a process for selecting candidate design elements to evaluate for a specific site. For individual design elements, example content includes a description of that element, advantages and disadvantages, factors to consider when selecting the element, applicability to nonrecurring congestion, design criteria and practices, safety effectiveness, typical applications, and costs. In addition, there is an evaluation procedure that allows practitioners to compare alternative design treatments and select the best treatment solution for a specific site (Potts et al. 2014a).

NCHRP Synthesis 447: Active Traffic Management for Arterials (2013)

This synthesis documents the state of the practice associated with designing, implementing, and operating ATM strategies on arterials. The study focused on strategies used to actively manage traffic and congestion on arterials, situations and operating conditions in which ATM strategies have been successfully and unsuccessfully deployed on arterials, and system and technology requirements associated with implementing the strategies. In addition, the report provides information pertaining to institutional issues associated with implementing ATM for arterials, operations and maintenance requirements associated with implementing these strategies, and benefits and costs associated with implementing these strategies (Dowling and Elias 2013).

NCHRP Synthesis 403: Adaptive Traffic Control Systems: Domestic and Foreign State Practice (2010)

This synthesis study summarized the state of the practice in deploying adaptive traffic signal control systems (ATCSs) in North America and described ATCS deployments worldwide. This study used an ATCS definition that includes all traffic-responsive and traffic-adaptive control systems under the third generation of traffic signal control systems. The objectives of the study involved describing operational characteristics of major ATCS deployments; identifying and describing widely deployed ATCSs, including a description of their working principles and

operational requirements; identifying operational advantages and disadvantages of deploying ATCSs, and the implementation issues and lessons learned; identifying institutional problems at agencies that deploy ATCSs and documenting their experiences; and investigating implementation costs and benefits perceived by ATCS users (Stevanovic 2010).

U.S. DOT, FHWA, and AASHTO Resources

This section summarizes published U.S. DOT, FHWA, and AASHTO documents and tools that are related to or include information on ATM operational strategies.

Transportation Operations Manual, 1st Edition (2023)

This manual was created as a resource for transportation agencies to develop and sustain the operational capabilities and strategies needed to preserve and optimize transportation system performance. The manual is designed to guide transportation leaders and practitioners as they define and support their transportation systems management and operations (TSMO) efforts. The manual incorporates all levels of TSMO—strategic, programmatic, and tactical—and expands current TSMO practice through a more cohesive approach that helps agencies and their partners gain familiarity with generally accepted operational improvements, as well as develop appropriate future applications. All the ATM operational strategies covered in this guide are included in the tactical section (AASHTO 2023a).

Guidance to Improve the Effectiveness of Your TSM&O Program (2023)

Hosted by AASHTO, this web-based application provides guidance designed for transportation agency managers whose span of control relates to the operations and management of the roadway system, including policymakers and program managers related to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and TSMO at both the state and regional levels, as well as managers of system-operations-related activities such as traffic engineering, maintenance, and public safety. The guidance can be used to evaluate agency capabilities in key areas of process and institutional arrangements and to prepare a formal action plan. A self-evaluation customizes the guidance based on current agency capability (AASHTO 2023b).

Traffic Management Capability Maturity Framework Tool (2023)

The online tool is a framework intended for agencies or regions to assess current capabilities with respect to traffic management, including ATDM applications. The framework looks at the agency’s ability to monitor and control traffic and the road network, including the centers that coordinate traffic information. Broadly, the framework assesses the capability to efficiently manage the movement of traffic on streets and highways and includes corridor management approaches. The capability levels and the actions are focused on defining the assessments from a traffic manager’s perspective. The actions may require other agencies to be the responsible party, which is intended to foster multiagency collaboration and dialogue about traffic management at the regional level (FHWA 2023).

ITS Deployment Evaluation—Benefits (2023)

Hosted by the ITS Joint Program Office of U.S. DOT, this website provides resource information on the benefits of ITS deployments, including the effects of ITS on transportation operations according to the six goals identified by U.S. DOT: safety, mobility, efficiency, productivity, energy and environmental impacts, and customer satisfaction (U.S. DOT 2023a).

documents along with best practices and lessons learned gleaned from early adopters to offer practical guidance. The document also emphasizes the value of ATM and what these strategies can offer to operating agencies as part of their broader TSMO program. The intended audience(s) of the guide includes agencies interested in implementing ATM in their region, as well as agencies that have implemented ATM and are interested in guidance on operating their ATM systems and strategies more effectively (Kuhn et al. 2017).

Transportation Systems Management and Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Compendium (2015)

The compendium is one of a series of reference documents and tools developed by the FHWA Office of Operations designed to assist planners and operations professionals in evaluating the benefits and costs of TSMO strategies and technologies. The compendium is a collection of cases from across the country where BCA has been applied to a specific TSMO technology/strategy or group and includes hypothetical cases designed to demonstrate how BCA can be used for a specific TSMO technology/strategy or group. FHWA has developed a sketch planning BCA tool, called the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis (TOPS-BC), for application to TSMO projects. Over two dozen cases are presented in the document, and they cover a wide range of TSMO technologies and strategies where each case addresses one or more specific issues or procedures, including ATM operational strategies (Lawrence et al. 2015).

Active Traffic Management Feasibility and Screening Guide (2015)

This screening guide was developed to assist transportation agencies and planning organizations in making informed investment decisions regarding ATM by determining the feasibility of ATM strategies before committing significant resources toward any subsequent project development and design activities. The guide was based on an extensive review of literature along with interviews with several practitioners who have been directly involved in the feasibility analyses, design, deployment, and/or operation of ATM strategies. The guide presents a recommended process for agencies to follow as they consider ATM deployment at the feasibility and screening analysis levels. Following the guidance will help practitioners to identify specific roadway segments most suited for ATM, the appropriate strategies, and the expected costs and range of benefits (Neudorff and McCabe 2015).

Ramp Metering: A Proven, Cost-Effective Operational Strategy—A Primer (2014)

This primer poses ramp metering as a potential tool to address commonly occurring congestion and safety issues. The primer incorporates recent research on challenges agencies experience during their attempts to deploy or expand ramp metering in their regions. Recent case studies provide insights into how the common challenges of geometric limitations, agency support, and project costs could be addressed as well as lessons learned. The primer emphasizes organizational capability, public outreach, and geometric limitations as key considerations when deploying or expanding ramp metering (Mizuta et al. 2014).

Operations Benefit/Cost Analysis TOPS-BC User’s Manual (2013)

This manual provides guidelines on the installation and setup of TOPS-BC, which was developed to support key decision capabilities including:

• The ability for users to investigate the expected range of impacts associated with previous deployments and analyses of many TSMO strategies.
• A screening mechanism to help users identify appropriate tools and methodologies for conducting a BCA based on their needs.

agencies to achieve desired performance outcomes for the multimodal transportation system. This document provides state departments of transportation (DOTs), metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), regional transportation planning organizations, transit agencies, and other partner organizations with information on the key elements of a PBPP process and the relationship of these elements within existing planning and programming processes. The guidebook is designed to highlight effective practices to help transportation agencies in moving toward a performance-based approach to planning and programming (Grant et al. 2013).

Incorporating Travel Time Reliability into the Highway Capacity Manual (2013)

The objective of this project (SHRP 2 L08) was to determine how data and information on the impacts of differing causes of nonrecurrent congestion (e.g., incidents, weather, work zones, special events, etc.) in the context of highway capacity could be incorporated into the performance measure estimation procedures contained in the HCM. Another objective was to develop methodologies to predict travel time reliability on selected types of facilities and within corridors. The final report presents a summary of the work conducted during the development of two proposed new chapters for the 2010 HCM. The two proposed HCM chapters—36 and 37—introduce the concept of travel time reliability and offer new analytic methods. The prospective HCM Chapter 36 concerns freeway facilities and urban streets, and the prospective supplemental HCM Chapter 37 elaborates on the methodologies and provides an example calculation. SHRP 2 Reliability Project L08 has also released the FREEVAL and STREETVAL computational engines. The FREEVAL-RL computational engine employs a scenario generator that feeds the freeway highway capacity analysis methodology to generate a travel-time distribution from which reliability metrics can be derived. The STREETVAL-RL computational engine employs a scenario generator that feeds the urban streets highway capacity analysis methodology to generate a travel-time distribution from which reliability metrics can be derived (Zegeer et al. 2013).

Guide for Highway Capacity and Operations Analysis of Active Transportation and Demand Management Strategies (2013)

This guide includes a conceptual analysis framework, recommended measures of effectiveness, and methodology for evaluating the impacts of ATDM strategies on system demand, capacity, and performance. The guide presents methods to analyze the varying demand and capacity conditions that facilities operate under and to apply a transportation management action to respond to those conditions. The methodology captures the effects of ATDM at a macroscopic level suitable for planning and investment decision-maker but not real-time operations. This guide is designed to be used in conjunction with the HCM for the planning, programming, and design of ATDM measures (Dowling et al. 2013).

Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation (AMS) Testbed Initial Screening Report (2013)

The purpose of this report is to document an initial screening of AMS testbed locations that was conducted to identify seven to 10 potential candidate locations that may be further down-selected in a future effort for developing AMS testbeds to conduct an evaluation of dynamic mobility applications (DMA) and ATDM applications and strategies. The criteria used for screening the testbed locations included geographic scope, temporal scope, temporal resolution, multimodal setup, level of congestion, multisource setup, calibrated AMS models, ease of adaptability, and existing deployments and/or research (Shah et al. 2013).

partnered with eight transportation agencies in large metropolitan areas (known as Pioneer Sites) to research effective means of implementing ICM approaches in their major travel corridors. The guide offers suggestions for each stage of an implementation effort for an ICMS, to assist other agencies in benefiting from the research done to date and from the experiences of the Pioneer Sites. The guide is only one of a set of documents that the U.S. DOT published to provide guidance and advice to prospective early adopters of ICM. In addition to the material covered in the guide itself, there are extensive references to other documents and source material that can assist ICM adopters in successfully applying these concepts (Gonzalez et al. 2012).

Guidelines for the Use of Variable Speed Limit Systems in Wet Weather (2012)

This report provides guidance on the use of variable speed limit (VSL) systems in wet weather at locations where the operating speed exceeds the design speed, and the stopping distance exceeds the available sight distance. The report includes recommendations pertaining to the design, installation, operation, maintenance, and enforcement of wet-weather VSL systems. The guidelines presented in this report are intended for a broad range of audiences, from transportation policy professionals who are considering whether or not their agency should use VSL systems to engineers who are designing VSL systems for their jurisdictions. The information within this report should be useful to anyone considering the implementation or development of a VSL system. The report also includes examples of VSL implementation issues that agencies have encountered in the past (Katz et al. 2012).

Operations Benefit/Cost Analysis Desk Reference (2012)

This desk reference is intended for a wide range of practitioners who are interested in conducting BCA of operations strategies. The guidance provided in the desk reference includes basic information as well as more complex analytical concepts and latest research in order to support the needs of both beginners and more advanced analysts. Some of the more advanced topics include capturing the impacts of travel time reliability; assessing the synergistic effects of combining different strategies; and capturing the benefits and costs of supporting infrastructure, such as traffic surveillance and communications. The desk reference is supported by an operations benefit/cost decision support tool, called TOPS-BC, which is designed to assist practitioners in performing BCA (Sallman et al. 2012).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume XIV: Guidebook on the Utilization of Dynamic Traffic Assignment in Modeling (2012)

This document provides guidance on methods for applying dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) in transportation modeling. This guidance will inform MPOs and state DOTs of the potential benefits and applications that are possible from utilization of DTA modeling tools. The guide is intended to assist practitioners in developing and implementing DTA for regional planning, project planning, and other transportation analyses (Sloboden et al. 2012).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume XIII: Integrated Corridor Management Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation Guide (2012)

This guide provides a step-by-step approach to the implementation of the ICM AMS methodology and reflects lessons learned in its application to the three ICM Pioneer Sites and a test corridor. The guide is specifically targeted at technical and/or program managers in transportation agencies at the state or local level who may oversee the implementation of ICM and/or an ICM AMS initiative. This guide will also be a helpful reference to all stakeholders involved in AMS, including technical modelers, by providing a framework for developing an effective

analysis plan to support selection and application of available tools and models specifically conducive to ICM (Alexiadis et al. 2012).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume XII: Work Zone Traffic Analysis—Applications and Decision Framework (2012)

This document focuses on key considerations when applying various modeling tools for work zone traffic analysis and provides a decision framework on how to select the best alternatives based on a set of performance measures. The document contains step-by-step guidance on determining the most suitable tools to perform the work zone analysis and presents the essential components of a work zone traffic analysis report. Many case studies are presented to demonstrate a diverse set of work zone traffic analysis applications (Zhang et al. 2012).

Integrating Business Processes to Improve Travel Time Reliability (2011)

This report and an accompanying guide are intended to help transportation agencies reengineer their day-to-day business practices to improve traffic operations, address nonrecurring traffic congestion, and improve travel time reliability on highway networks. The report includes several case studies from the United States and one case study from the United Kingdom. Recurring congestion is not addressed in this project; however, the report describes how other agencies have addressed it. The case studies show how business processes such as traffic incident management, work zone management, planned special event management, road weather management, and traffic control system management were successfully implemented in operational areas. Students of traffic operations will recognize these subject areas as corresponding to five of the seven causes of nonrecurring traffic congestion. The research report and the accompanying guide also introduce one of the tools used in business process reengineering: business process mapping. The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), developed by the IBM Corporation, is used in this report and the guide. This approach proved highly adaptable to business processes related to traffic operations. BPMN uses a straightforward, graphical approach to business processes, illustrating them with objects, flows, swim pools, and swim lanes (Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., and PB Consult 2011).

Guide to Improving Capability for Systems Operations and Management (2011)

The project report develops and provides an examination of current state DOT practices and insights from other sectors with strong operational orientations. The guide establishes a systematic guidance framework based on the traceable relationships between the technical and business process features most supportive of effective SO&M and the institutional architecture that supports such processes. After this guide was submitted for publication, the SHRP 2 Reliability Project L06 research was converted into a web-based tool that would be user-friendly, easy to access, and updatable (Parsons Brinckerhoff et al. 2011).

Freeway Geometric Design for Active Traffic Management in Europe (2011)

The purpose of this scanning study was to examine innovative design practices and techniques used in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain to improve the operational performance of congested freeway facilities. This effort builds upon other scans that focused on congestion management and managed lane programs and aims to help transportation agencies implement the world’s best practices in the United States. The report contains information about managed motorways that involve active or dynamically managed operational regimes, specific infrastructure designs, and technology solutions. Shoulder running, variable mandatory speed limits,

lane control signals, and driver information using variable message signs are some of the examples of such strategies (Jones et al. 2011).

Integrating Active Traffic and Travel Demand Management: A Holistic Approach to Congestion Management (2011)

The purposes of this primer are to present ATM and transportation demand management concepts and strategies, and to show the need for and benefits of using them to mitigate traffic congestion. The primer describes a conceptual framework, introduced by the Dutch Ministry of Transport, and makes a distinction between traffic management and travel demand management (Schreffler 2011).

Guide on the Consistent Application of Traffic Analysis Tools and Methods (2011)

This guide offers recommendations on the management, planning, and conduct of traffic analysis that will promote greater traffic analysis tool consistency over the typical project development life cycle. The guide is directed toward professionals operating in state DOTs and other agencies responsible for transportation project development and delivery (Dowling 2011).

Advancing Metropolitan Planning for Operations: An Objectives-Driven, Performance-Based Approach—A Guidebook (2010)

This guidebook describes an approach that can be used to integrate management and operations strategies into the metropolitan transportation planning process with the aim to maximize transportation network performance. The recommended approach can be used to meet federal transportation planning requirements for promoting efficient system management and operations and implementing a congestion management process. The approach is based on quantifiable operations objectives, performance measures, and management and operations strategies that affect the projects selected for the transportation improvement program (Grant et al. 2010).

Efficient Use of Highway Capacity Summary—Report to Congress (2010)

The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of implementation efforts aiming to increase roadway capacity by using shoulder lanes as temporary or interim travel lanes. The report includes information related to the impact of that shoulder usage on highway safety and/or accidents during operations. The report also provides critical information that can be used by FHWA to formulate guidance for transportation agencies on using shoulder lanes as travel lanes. In addition, the report addresses several deployment-related issues that need to be taken into consideration by transportation agencies. Some of these issues pertain to traffic control devices, design, performance measures, potential safety benefits, maintenance, enforcement roles and processes, incident response, personnel training, costs, liability, and public outreach and education (Kuhn 2010).

Advancing Metropolitan Planning for Operations: The Building Blocks of a Model Transportation Plan Incorporating Operations—A Desk Reference (2010)

The intent of this report is to assist transportation planners and their partners in developing a transportation plan that is based on operations objectives, performance measures, and strategies that are relevant to their region, addressing community needs and constraints and improving mobility and safety. The report contains excerpts from a model metropolitan transportation plan, presenting the results of an objectives-driven, performance-based approach to planning for operations (Worth et al. 2010).

covered in the primer include managed lane definitions, managed lane success stories, unique managed lane project issues and challenges, and managed lane future outlook (FHWA 2008).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume VII: Predicting Performance with Traffic Analysis Tools (2008)

This document provides insights into the common pitfalls and challenges associated with the use of traffic analysis tools for predicting future performance of a transportation facility. The document presents five case studies that demonstrate common ways to ensure appropriate results when using a microsimulation tool, and also includes how-to material that allows users to address common challenges associated with microsimulation analysis (Luttrell et al. 2008).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume VIII: Work Zone Modeling and Simulation—A Guide for Decision-Makers (2008)

This document is a guide for decision-makers at agencies and in jurisdictions regarding the role of analytical tools in work zone planning and management. The document can help users in conducting work zone analyses, which can be used as a trusted resource for understanding the potential mobility impacts, and then using this information to inform key decisions (Hardy and Wunderlich 2008).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume VI: Definition, Interpretation and Calculation of Traffic Analysis Tools Measures of Effectiveness (2007)

This report presents the results of an investigation into the appropriate definition, interpretation, and computation of measures of effectiveness (MOEs) for traffic operations and capacity improvements. The report recommends a basic set of MOEs that can help rapidly assess the current problems, and benefits of alternative improvements at the system level, in a form readily understandable by the decision-maker, including throughput, mean delay, travel-time index, freeway segments at breakdown, and surface street intersections with long queues, turn bay overflows, and exit blockages. The report also recommends that vehicle trajectories be used as the common denominator for comparison of results between tools and methods between field data collection and analytical tools (e.g., HCM, microsimulation, etc.). Finally, this report concludes by illustrating the computation and interpretation of the recommended system-wide MOEs for a freeway and an urban arterial street (Dowling 2007).

Active Traffic Management: The Next Step in Congestion Management (2007)

The purpose of this scanning study was to examine the congestion management programs, policies, and experiences of European countries (i.e., Denmark, England, Germany, and the Netherlands) that have extensively used ATM strategies including speed harmonization, temporary shoulder use, and dynamic signing and rerouting. This scan provides information on how agencies dealt with highway congestion, actively managed and operated freeways, and planned for and designed managed lanes at the facility, project, corridor, or system level. The scan focused on managed lanes that were used to provide additional roadway capacity and operating strategies to respond to variable traffic conditions. Furthermore, the scan examined how agencies integrate managed lane strategies into their congestion management program, network, and corridor planning and how managed lanes are considered in the context of developing highway improvement projects (Mirshahi et al. 2007).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume IV: Guidelines for Applying CORSIM Microsimulation Modeling Software (2007)

This guide provides detailed information for using the Corridor Simulation (CORSIM) traffic simulation software to conduct a transportation analysis using the process recommended in

Volume III. CORSIM is the core simulation and modeling component of the Traffic Software Integrated System (TSIS) tool suite. The guidelines provide the reader with a seven-step process that begins with project scope and ends with the final project report. The process is specific to using CORSIM and TSIS. The intent of this document is to assist the transportation community in creating a more consistent process in the use of the CORSIM traffic simulation software (Holm et al. 2007).

Ramp Management and Control Handbook (2006)

The handbook provides guidance and recommendations on managing and controlling freeway traffic on ramps. The goal of the guidance is to improve the use and effectiveness of ramp management and control strategies. The handbook also provides detailed information concerning the issues and concepts specific to ramp management and control that were provided in Chapter 7 of the Freeway Management and Operations Handbook (Jacobson et al. 2006).

Freeway Management and Operations Handbook (2006)

The handbook provides an overview of various institutional and technical issues and includes information and guidance that will help the user to better understand the wide variety of potential strategies, tools, and technologies that may be used to support management and operation of the freeway network. Some of the topics covered in this handbook include freeway management programs, performance monitoring and evaluation, roadway and operational improvements, ramp management and control, managed lanes, high-occupancy vehicle treatments, traffic incident and special event management, management during emergencies and operations, information dissemination, transportation management centers, detection and surveillance, regional integration, and communications (Neudorff et al. 2006).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume I: Traffic Analysis Tools Primer (2004)

This primer provides an overview of traffic analysis tools in the transportation analysis process. The primer describes different categories of traffic analysis tools and discusses the challenges and limitations of using traffic analysis tools. The primer also provides a comparison between HCM analysis and traffic simulation-based analysis. Criteria for selecting the appropriate type of traffic analysis tool are described as well (Alexiadis et al. 2004).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume II: Decision Support Methodology for Selecting Traffic Analysis Tools (2004)

This report describes the role of traffic analysis tools in the transportation analysis process and provides a detailed decision support methodology for selecting the appropriate type of analysis tool. The report explains the role of traffic analysis tools and tool categories and provides several criteria for selecting the appropriate type of traffic analysis tool. The criteria include the analysis context, study area, facility type, travel mode, management strategy, traveler response, performance measures, and cost-effectiveness. A process and worksheets for an analyst to rate a tool category for a particular transportation analysis task are presented based on the criteria and the analyst’s weighting of the criteria. The report also discusses challenges and limitations of the use of traffic analysis tools (Jeannotte et al. 2004).

Traffic Analysis Toolbox, Volume V: Traffic Analysis Toolbox Case Studies—Benefits and Applications (2004)

The purpose of this traffic analysis toolbox is to give the reader a summary of nine real-world case studies that demonstrate the benefits of using traffic analysis tools (Kittelson et al. 2004).