Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks (2024)
Chapter: Front Matter
Incorporating Resilience into
Transportation Networks
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2024 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
OFFICERS
CHAIR: Carol A. Lewis, Professor, Transportation Studies, Texas Southern University, Houston
VICE CHAIR: Leslie S. Richards, General Manager, Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), Philadelphia
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Victoria Sheehan, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC
MEMBERS
Michael F. Ableson, CEO, Arrival Automotive–North America, Detroit, MI
James F. Albaugh, President and CEO, The Boeing Company (retired), Scottsdale, AZ
Carlos M. Braceras, Executive Director, Utah Department of Transportation, Salt Lake City
Douglas C. Ceva, Vice President, Customer Lead Solutions, Prologis, Inc., Jupiter, FL
Nancy Daubenberger, Commissioner of Transportation, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul
Marie Therese Dominguez, Commissioner, New York State Department of Transportation, Albany
Garrett Eucalitto, Commissioner, Connecticut Department of Transportation, Newington
Chris T. Hendrickson, Hamerschlag University Professor of Engineering Emeritus, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Randell Iwasaki, President and CEO, Iwasaki Consulting Services, Walnut Creek, CA
Ashby Johnson, Executive Director, Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO), Austin, TX
Joel M. Jundt, Secretary of Transportation, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre
Hani S. Mahmassani, W.A. Patterson Distinguished Chair in Transportation; Director, Transportation Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Scott C. Marler, Director, Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames
Ricardo Martinez, Adjunct Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA
Michael R. McClellan, Vice President, Strategic Planning, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Atlanta, GA
Russell McMurry, Commissioner, Georgia Department of Transportation, Atlanta
Craig E. Philip, Research Professor and Director, VECTOR, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
Steward T.A. Pickett, Distinguished Senior Scientist, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY
Susan A. Shaheen, Professor and Co-director, Transportation Sustainability Research Center, University of California, Berkeley
Marc Williams, Executive Director, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Michael R. Berube, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Sustainable Transportation, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
Shailen Bhatt, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
Amit Bose, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, DC
Tristan Brown, Deputy Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
Steven Cliff, Executive Officer, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento
Rand Ghayad, Senior Vice President, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Germantown, MD
William H. Graham, Jr. (Major General, U.S. Army), Deputy Commanding General for Civil and Emergency Operations, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
Robert C. Hampshire, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
Zahra “Niloo” Parvinashtiani, Engineer, Mobility Consultant Solutions, Iteris Inc., Fairfax, VA, and Chair, TRB Young Members Coordinating Council
Sophie Shulman, Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC
Karl Simon, Director, Transportation and Climate Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Paul P. Skoutelas, President and CEO, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Polly Trottenberg, Deputy Secretary of Transportation, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
Jim Tymon, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC
Veronica Vanterpool, Acting Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, Washington, DC
Michael Whitaker, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
Vinn White, Deputy Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Washington, DC
___________________
* Membership as of August 2024.
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 1118
Incorporating Resilience into
Transportation Networks
Chandler Duncan
Jeffrey Harris
David Proffitt
Chandra Khare
Vincent Matheney
Justin Peng
Stephen Fleck
Mary Katherine Duncan
Gabrielle Westcott
Sarah Preisler
Frank Broen
Mihir Thakar
METRO ANALYTICS
Charlotte, NC
WITH
Mark Berndt
QUETICA
St. Louis Park, MN
Jeannie Beckett
BECKETT GROUP
Gig Harbor, WA
Felipe Aros-Vera
OHIO UNIVERSITY
Athens, OH
Gwyn Kash
SOCIAL MOTION
Wilmington, NC
Subscriber Categories
Highways • Planning and Forecasting • Transportation, General
Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
Systematic, well-designed, and implementable research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing state departments of transportation (DOTs) administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local or regional interest and can best be studied by state DOTs individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research.
Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 initiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniques—the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), United States Department of Transportation, under Agreement No. 693JJ31950003.
The Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was requested by AASHTO to administer the research program because of TRB’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. TRB is uniquely suited for this purpose for many reasons: TRB maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; TRB possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; TRB’s relationship to the National Academies is an insurance of objectivity; and TRB maintains a full-time staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those in a position to use them.
The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators and other staff of the highway and transportation departments, by committees of AASHTO, and by the FHWA. Topics of the highest merit are selected by the AASHTO Special Committee on Research and Innovation (R&I), and each year R&I’s recommendations are proposed to the AASHTO Board of Directors and the National Academies. Research projects to address these topics are defined by NCHRP, and qualified research agencies are selected from submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Academies and TRB.
The needs for highway research are many, and NCHRP can make significant contributions to solving highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement, rather than to substitute for or duplicate, other highway research programs.
NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 1118
Project 20-125
ISSN 2572-3766 (Print)
ISSN 2572-3774 (Online)
ISBN 978-0-309-72482-1
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/27919
Library of Congress Control Number 2024944700
© 2024 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the graphical logo are trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein.
Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, APTA, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, or NHTSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP.
NOTICE
The research report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the FHWA; or the program sponsors.
The Transportation Research Board does not develop, issue, or publish standards or specifications. The Transportation Research Board manages applied research projects which provide the scientific foundation that may be used by Transportation Research Board sponsors, industry associations, or other organizations as the basis for revised practices, procedures, or specifications.
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NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.
The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major program divisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to mobilize expertise, experience, and knowledge to anticipate and solve complex transportation-related challenges. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 8,500 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state departments of transportation, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation.
Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 1118
Monique R. Evans, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs, and Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program
Jennifer L. Weeks, Senior Program Officer
Anthony P. Avery, Senior Program Assistant
Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications
Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications
Kami Cabral, Editor
NCHRP PROJECT 20-125 PANEL
Field of Special Projects
Elizabeth A. Robbins, Planning Commission, City of Tumwater, WA, Tumwater, WA (Chair)
Peter K. Anderson, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA), Cleveland, OH
Margarete A. Baldwin, New Hampshire Department of Transportation, Concord, NH
Erika Furlong, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC
Evangelos I. Kaisar, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
Benito Omar Perez, Transportation for America, Washington, DC
Amy M. Sirmans, VHB, Orlando, FL
Anne Strauss-Wieder, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
Shawn Johnson, Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST) Liaison
Jason Robert Carnes, FHWA Liaison
William B. Anderson, TRB Liaison
FOREWORD
By Jennifer L. Weeks
Staff Officer
Transportation Research Board
NCHRP Research Report 1118: Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks provides a guide for state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies seeking to define and strategically integrate resilience into transportation networks and network planning. Included with the guide are case studies, tools, and other materials to support implementation. The guide and its supporting materials will be useful to transportation agency executives and senior planning managers seeking immediately implementable strategies for defining, avoiding, and managing the potential risks and vulnerabilities of transportation networks caused by unpredictable events.
The transportation industry has recently faced an evolving set of challenges that have compromised the resilience of transportation systems and networks. Transportation agencies have been presented with increased disruptions to supply chains and other transportation networks caused by unanticipated events, such as extreme weather and the COVID-19 pandemic. These events can substantially affect the resilience of the supply chain against unanticipated disruptions and ultimately affect the economic vitality of the industries and communities involved. Transportation agencies are seeking strategies for identifying and managing risk to improve the resilience of the supply chain and other transportation networks.
Under NCHRP Project 20-125, “Strategies for Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks,” Metro Analytics was asked to develop a guide and toolkit for practitioners to improve the resiliency of the multimodal freight network. The research process included a literature review, engagement of agency practitioners, and a set of case studies identifying industry needs and successful practices. The guide is a playbook that leads transportation agencies through seven steps, or “plays,” defining the risks to and vulnerabilities of transportation assets and systems and developing a program for building resilience into transportation networks. The appendices support the plays with specific case examples, decision frameworks, and other tools for application.
NCHRP Research Report 1118 contains the guide and documents the conduct of research. The report is supported by NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 1: Resilience Case Studies, and NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Also available are three video modules and additional communication materials for educating practitioners on the use and benefits of these products. These materials are available on the National Academies Press website (nap.nationalacademies.org) and can be found by searching for NCHRP Research Report 1118: Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks.
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CONTENTS
Play 1 Define the Transportation Resilience Ecosystem
Take Inventory of the Resilience Ecosystem
Define and Assess the Components of Resilience
Map Out the Resilience Ecosystem
Identify Beneficiaries of Improved Resilience
Play 2 Build and Prepare the Resilience Team
Make the Most of Available Committees, Plans, and Programs
Assess the Authorities of Public Agency Partners
Educate Partners About Key Resilience Concepts
Identify and Define Resilience Roles
Build Inclusion and Social Equity into the Process
Resilience Team Case Study: Louisiana Supply Chain Transportation Council
Play 3 Define Disruptions, Risks, and Vulnerabilities
Frame Risk and Vulnerability from a Social Equity Perspective
Risk Management and Continuity of Operations
Consider Potential Transportation Network Disruption Types
Apply Diagnostic Tools to Identify Specific Project Needs
Play 4 Identify Critical Hard and Soft Assets
Assess Criticality from a Value-Chain Perspective
Evaluate Assets from a Social Equity Perspective
Pinpoint and Enhance Resilience Clusters
Consider Intermodal Freight Assets and Markets
Consider Assets Supportive of Overall Network Recovery
Inform Investments with Business and Supply-Chain Strategies
Identify Comprehensive Network Solution Sets
Prioritize Resilience Investments
Invest in Equitable Resilience
Play 6 Play to Win: Build a Resilience Program and Learn from Experience
Select a Resilience-Planning Framework
Play 7 The Future of Network Resilience
New Approaches to Economic Impact
Social Equity as a Network Paradigm
Cybersecurity in Network Planning
Network Solutions Throughout the Resilience Cycle
Implementing the Playbook and Its Resources
Appendix B Framework Document and Policy Guidance
Appendix C Catalog of Recent, Relevant Frameworks and Methods
Appendix E “In Their Own Words” Social Equity Case Study (Flagstaff)
