The Global Positioning System: A Shared National Asset (1995)
Chapter: Anti-Jam and Anti-Spoof Capability
Table 2-3 Military Land Applications and Requirementsa
|
|
Application |
Accuracy |
Resistance to RF Interference |
|
|
Chemical Warfare |
100.0 m CEP |
High |
|
Engineer |
Mine Neutralization |
100.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Mine Dispensing & Gap Crossing |
50.0m CEP |
High |
|
Field Artillery |
MLRS |
20.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Howitzer |
175 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Mortars |
50.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Fist-V & Forward Observer |
30.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Artillery and Mortar Radar |
10.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Infantry & Armorb |
100.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Missile Munitions |
93.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Signal |
15.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Special Operations Forces |
30.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Intelligence Electronic Warfare |
20.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Ordnance |
84.0 m CEP |
High |
|
Air Defense Artillery |
Patriot |
10.0 m CEP |
High |
|
|
Hawk |
40.0 m CEP |
High |
|
a. Availability, integrity, and continuity of service requirements are not specified for military land transportation applications. b. The Infantry & Armor category also includes transportation, soldier support, military police, and quartermaster. |
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Anti-Jam and Anti-Spoof Capability
Although the "Resistance to RF Interference" column in Tables 2-1 through 2-3 does not include quantitative values, a high level of resistance to RF interference is a critical requirement for most military applications.10 For the military, the primary interference concerns are deliberate jamming and spoofing by an adversary or by our own forces. In future conflicts, a potential enemy also will be utilizing the capabilities of GPS and DGPS against U.S. and allied military forces. In order to deny this use, friendly forces must have the ability to eliminate an adversary's use of GPS signals without impacting the effectiveness of their own user equipment. This dictates that military GPS receivers also must be capable of continued operation in an environment populated with both U.S. and enemy jammers. Therefore, GPS-based navigation systems used on aircraft, ships, land vehicles, and precision-guided munitions must possess one or more of the following capabilities:
