The Global Positioning System: A Shared National Asset (1995)
Chapter: Associated Technologies
Table 2-5 Requirements for Maritime Applicationsa
|
|
Application |
Accuracy (2 drms) |
Integrity |
Availability |
Coverage |
Resistance to RF Interference |
|
|
|
|
Time to Alarmb |
|
|
|
|
Navigation |
Oceanic |
1800-3700 m (1-2 naut. mi.) |
Not specified |
99.0% |
Global |
Moderate |
|
|
Coastal |
460 m (0.25 naut. mi.) |
Not specified |
99.7% |
U.S. Coasts |
Moderate |
|
|
Harbor/ Harbor Approach |
8.0-20.0 m |
6-10 s |
99.7% |
Harbors and Approaches |
High |
|
|
Inland Waterwaysc |
3.0 m |
6-10 s |
Not yet defined |
Inland Waterwayc |
High |
|
|
Recreational Boatingc |
10.0 m |
Not specified |
99.9% |
Coasts and Inland Waterways Nationwide |
Moderate |
|
Surveillance |
Vessel Traffic Servicesd |
10.0 m |
Not specified |
99.9% |
Local |
Very High |
|
Positioning |
Resource Exploration |
1.0-3.0 m |
Not applicable |
99.0% |
Global |
Moderate |
|
a. Integrity (1 minus PHE times PMD) and continuity of service requirements are not defined for maritime applications. Other maritime GPS requirements originate from the Federal Radionavigation Plan, pp. 2-26 through 2-28 unless annotated otherwise. b. Source of time-to-alarm requirements: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, A Technical Report to the Secretary of Transportation on a National Approach to Augmented GPS Services, p. 11. c. These values are not firmly established requirements. They are estimated useful values determined by the committee. d. Source of Vessel Traffic Services Requirements: D. H. Alsip, J. M. Butler, and J. T. Radice, Implementation of the U.S. Coast Guard's Differential GPS Navigation Service (Washington, D.C.: USCG Headquarters, Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services, Radionavigation Division, 28 June 1993). |
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Challenges to Full Utilization of GPS
Associated Technologies
The positioning and navigation capabilities of GPS and DGPS do not solve the user's problems by themselves. For coastal and oceanic navigation, a GPS position (latitude and
