Previous Chapter: CONCLUSION
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

disease. Finally, one should comment about the ethical mine field evident historically in all areas of biology. Legal professionals have to give serious consideration to the appropriateness of such treatments—because it is extremely difficult, especially when dealing with rapists, murderers, and assaulters, to establish informed consent. It would be a great pity simply to ban treatments that could be used to the benefit of individuals and society, but there have to be safeguards.

REFERENCES

Adams, D.B. 1980 Motivational systems of agonistic behavior in muroid rodents: A comparative review and neural model. Aggressive Behavior 6:295–346.

Albin, J., J. Vitteck, G.G. Gordon, K. Altman, J. Olivo, and A.L. Southren 1973 On the mechanism of the antiandrogenic effect of medroxy-progesterone acetate. Endocrinology 93:417.

Andrew, R.J. 1975 Effects of testosterone on the behaviour of the domestic chick 1. Effects present in males but not in females. Animal Behaviour 23:139–155.

Archer, J. 1976 The organization of aggression and fear in vertebrates. In P.P.G. Bateson and P. Klopfer, eds., Perspectives in Ethology. New York: Plenum Press.

1977 Testosterone and persistence in mice. Animal Behaviour 25:479–488.

1988 The Behavioural Biology of Aggression. Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press.

1990 The influence of androgens on human aggression. British Journal of Psychology 82:1–28.

Aron, C., D. Chateau, C. Schaeffer, and J. Roos 1990 Heterotypic sexual behaviour in male mammals: The rat as an experimental model. Pp 98–126 in M. Haug, P.F. Brain, and C. Aron, eds., Heterotypical Behaviour in Man and Animals. London: Chapman and Hall.

Averill, J.R. 1982 Anger and Aggression: An Essay in Emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.


Bain, J., R. Langevin, R. Dickey, and M. Ben-Aron 1987 Sex hormones in murderers and assaulters. Behavioral Science and the Law 5:95–101.

Bain, J., R. Langevin, R. Dickey, S. Hucker, and P. Wright 1988 Hormones in sexually aggressive men I. Baseline values for eight hormones II. The ACTH test. Annals of Sex Research 1:63–78.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Balthazart, J., and J.C. Hendrick 1977 Hormonal control of behaviour and of testes growth in the quail Coturnix c. japonica. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la biologie Societie 171:656–663.

Balthazart, J., and M. Stevens 1975 Effects of testosterone propionate on the social behaviour of groups of male domestic ducklings Anas platyrhynchos L. Animal Behaviour 23:926–931.

Bardwick, J.M. 1976 Psychological correlates of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive medication. Pp 95–103 in E.J. Sachard, ed., Hormones, Behavior and Psychopathology. New York: Raven Press.

Barkley, M.S., and B.D. Goldman 1977 A quantitative study of serum testosterone, sex accessary organ weight growth and the development of intermale aggression in the mouse. Hormones and Behavior 8:208–218.

Barnett, S.A. 1967 Attack and defence in animal societies. Pp. 35–36 in C.D. Clemente, and D.B. Lindsley, eds., Aggression and Defence: Neural Mechanisms and Social Patterns. Berkley: University of California Press.

1975 The Rat: A Study in Behaviour, rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Barr, G.A., J.L. Gibbons, and K.E. Moyer 1976 Male-female differences and the influence of neonatal and adult testosterone on intraspecies aggression in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 90:1169–1183.

Benson, R.M., and C.J. Migeon 1975 Physiological and pathological puberty and human behavior. Pp. 155–184 in B.E. Eleftheriou and R.L. Sprott, eds., Hormonal Correlates of Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

Bernard, B.K., E.R. Finkelstein, and G.M. Everett 1975 Alterations in mouse aggressive behavior and brain monoamine dynamics as a function of age. Physiology and Behavior 15:731–736.

Berner, W., G. Brownstone, and W. Sluga 1983 The cyproteroneacetate treatment of sexual offenders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 7:441–443.

Berry, M.S., and P.F. Brain 1986 Neurophysiological and endocrinological consequences of alcohol. Pp. 19–54 in P.F. Brain, ed., Alcohol and Aggression. London: Croom Helm.

Blanchard, R.J., P.F. Brain, D.C. Blanchard, and S. Parmigiani, eds. 1989 Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Study of Behavior. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Bowman, S.P., A. Leake, and I.D. Morris 1982 Hypothalamic, pituitary and uterine cytoplasmic and nuclear

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

oestrogen receptors and their relationships to the serum concentration of tamoxifen and its metabolite, 4-hydroxy tamoxifen, in the ovariectomized rat. Journal of Endocrinology 94:167–175.

Brahams, D. 1988 Voluntary chemical castration of a mental patient. The Lancet June 4:1291–1292.

Brain, P.F. 1977 Hormones and Aggression, Vol. 1. Montreal, Canada: Eden Press.

1978 Hormones and Aggression, Vol. 2. Montreal, Canada: Eden Press.

1979a Hormones, Drugs and Aggression, Vol. 3. Montreal, Canada: Eden Press.

1979b Effects of the hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis on behaviour. Pp. 255–328 in K. Brown and S.J. Cooper, eds., Chemical Influences on Behaviour. London: Academic Press.

1979c Effects of hormones of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis on behaviour. Pp. 329–371 in K. Brown and S.J. Cooper, eds., Chemical Influences on Behaviour. London: Academic Press.

1981 Differentiating types of attack and defense in rodents. Pp. 53–78 in P.F. Brain and D. Benton, eds., Multidisciplinary Approaches to Aggression Research. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier/North-Holland.

1983 Pituitary-gonadal influences and intermale aggressive behavior. Pp. 3–15 in B.B. Svare, ed., Hormones and Aggressive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

1984a Comments on laboratory-based "aggression" tests. Animal Behaviour 32:1256–1257.

1984b Biological explanations of human aggression and the resulting therapies offered by such approaches: A critical evaluation. Pp. 63–102 in R.J. Blanchard and D.C. Blanchard, eds., Advances in the Study of Aggression, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.

1986 Multidisciplinary examinations of the "causes" of crime: The case of the link between alcohol and violence. Alcohol and Alcoholism 21:237–240.

1989a The Nature and Control of Aggression. Oxford, England: Oxford Project for Peace Studies No. 19.

1989b The adaptiveness of house mouse aggression. Pp. 1–21 in P.F. Brain, D. Mainardi, and S. Parmigiani, eds., House Mouse Aggression . Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers gmbh.

1989c An ethoexperimental approach to behavioural endocrinology. Pp. 539–557 in R.J. Blanchard, P.F. Brain, D.C. Blanchard, and S. Parmigiani, eds., Ethoexperimental Analysis of Behavior. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

1990a Stress in agonistic contexts in rodents. Pp. 73–85 in R. Dantzer

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

and R. Zayan, eds., Social Stress in Domestic Animals. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

1990b Mindless Violence? The Nature and Biology of Aggression. Swansea, U.K.: University College of Swansea.

Brain, P.F., and D. Benton 1983 Conditions of housing, hormones and aggressive behavior. Pp. 349–372 in B.B. Svare, ed., Hormones and Aggressive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

Brain, P.F., and N.J. Bowden 1979 Sex steroid control of intermale fighting in mice. Pp. 403–465 in W.B. Essman and L. Valzelli, eds., Current Developments in Psychopharmacology , Vol. 5. New York: Spectrum Publications.

Brain, P.F., and M. Haug 1990 Are behaviours specific to animals of particular sex? Pp. 1–15 in M. Haug, P.F. Brain, and C. Aron, eds., Heterotypical Behaviour in Man and Animals. London: Chapman and Hall.

Brain, P.F., and N.W. Nowell 1969 Some endocrine and behavioral changes in the development of the albino laboratory mouse. Communications in Behavioral Biology 4:203–220.

Brain, P.F., M. Haug, and Alias bin Kamis 1983 Hormones and different tests for "aggression" with particular reference to the effects of testosterone metabolites. Pp. 290–304 in J. Balthazart, E. Prove, and R. Gilles, eds., Hormones and Behaviour in Higher Vertebrates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Brain, P.F., V. Simon, S. Hasan, M. Martinez, and D. Castano 1988 The potential of antiestrogens as centrally-acting anti-hostility agents: Recent animal data. International of Journal of Neuroscience 41:169–177.

Browne, K.D., and J. Archer 1989 Human Aggression: Naturalistic Approaches. London: Routledge.

Buss, A.H. 1971 Aggression pays. Pp. 7–18 in J.L. Singer, ed., The Control of Aggression and Violence: Cognitive and Physiological Factors. New York : Academic Press.

Buss, A.H., and A. Durkee 1957 An inventory for assessing different types of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology 21:343–349.

Cairns, R.B. 1972 Fighting and punishment from a developmental perspective. Pp. 59–124 in J.K. Cole and D.D. Jensen, eds., Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press.

Carlson, N.R. 1977 Physiology of Behavior, 3rd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Chatz, T.L. 1972 Recognizing and treating dangerous sex offenders. International Journal of Offenders and Therapy 2:109–115.

Chevins, P.F.D. 1989 Early environmental influences on fear and defence in rodents. Pp. 269–288 in P.F. Brain, S. Parmigiani, D. Mainardi, and R.J. Blanchard, eds., Fear and Defense. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Press gmbh.

Clemens, L.G., B.A. Gladue, and L.F. Coniglio 1978 Prenatal endogenous androgenic influences on masculine sexual behavior and genital morphology in male and female rats . Hormones and Behavior 10:40–53.

Conner, R.L., A.P. Constantino, and G.C. Scheuch 1983 Hormonal influences on shock-induced fighting. Pp. 119–144 in B.B. Svare, ed., Hormones and Aggressive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

Dalton, K. 1964 The Premenstrual Syndrome. London: William Heinemann.

Daruna, J.H. 1978 Patterns of brain monoamine activity and aggressive behavior. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2:101–113.

Darwin, C. 1872 The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: D. Appleton and Co.

Dixson, A.F. 1980 Androgens and aggressive behavior in primates: A review. Aggressive Behavior 6:37–67.

Dixson, A.F., and J. Herbert 1977 Testosterone, aggressive behavior and dominance rank in captive adult male talapoin monkeys Miopithecus talapoin. Physiology and Behavior 18:539–543.

Doering, C.H., P.R. McGinnis, H.C Kraemer, and D.A. Hamburg 1980 Hormonal and behavioral response of male chimpanzees to a long-acting analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Archives of Sexual Behavior 9:441–450.

Dunn, C.W. 1941 Stilbestrol-induced testicular degeneration in hypersexual males. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1:643–648.


Eaton, G.G., R.W. Goy, and C.H. Phoenix 1973 Effects of testosterone treatment in adulthood on sexual behaviour of female pseudohermaphrodite rhesus monkeys. Nature (London) 242:119–120.

Eccles, J.S., C. Miller, M.L. Tucker, J. Becker, W. Schramm, R. Midgley, W. Holmes, L. Pasch, and M. Miller. 1988 Hormones and Affect at Early Adolescence. Paper presented at the biannual meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Alexandria, Va.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Edwards, D.A. 1968 Mice: Fighting by neonatally androgenized females. Science 161:1027–1028.

1969 Early androgen stimulation and aggressive behavior in male and female mice. Physiology and Behavior 4:333–338.

1971 Neonatal administration of androstenedione, testosterone or testosterone propionate: Effects on ovulation, sexual receptivity, and aggressive behavior in female mice. Physiology and Behavior 6:223–228.

Ehrhardt, A.A. 1969 Zur wirkung fötaler Hormone auf Intelligenz und geschlechts-spezifisches Verhalten. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Dusseldorf.

Ehrhardt, A.A., and S.W. Baker 1974 Fetal androgen, human CNS differentiation and behavior sex differences. Pp. 53–76 in R.C. Friedman, R.M. Richart, R.L. Van de Wiele, eds., Sex Differences in Behavior. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Ehrhardt, A.A., and J. Money 1967 Progestin-induced hermaphroditism: IQ and psychosexual identity in a study of ten girls. Journal of Sex Research 3:83–100.

Elias, M. 1981 Serum cortisol, testosterone, and testosterone-binding globulin responses to competitive fighting in human males. Aggressive Behavior 7:215–224.

Epple, G. 1978 Lack of effects of castration on scent marking displays and aggression in a South American primate Saguinus fuscicollis. Hormones and Behavior 11:139–150.

Farrington, D.P. 1989 Early predictors of adolescent aggression and adult violence. Violence and Victims 4:79–100.

Field, L.H., and M. Williams 1970 The hormonal treatment of sexual offenders. Medicine, Science, and the Law 10:27–34.

Floody, O.R., and D.W. Pfaff 1977 The hormonal basis for fluctuations in female aggressiveness correlated with estrous state. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:443–464.

Frodi, A. 1977 Sexual arousal, situational restrictiveness, and aggressive behavior. Journal of Research in Personality 11:48–58.


Gadelman, R. 1981 Androgens and fighting behavior. Pp. 215–230 in P.F. Brain and D. Benton, eds., The Biology of Aggression. Alphen aan den Rijn, Holland: Sijthoff and Noordhoof b.v.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Gladue, B.A., M. Boechler, and K.D. McCaul 1989 Hormonal response to competition in human males. Aggressive Behavior 15:409–422.

Goldman, L., and H.H. Swanson 1975 Developmental changes in pre-adult behavior in confined colonies of Golden hamsters. Developmental Psychology 8:137–150.

Goldstein, J.H. 1986 Aggression and Crimes of Violence. New York: Oxford University Press .

Gotz, F., W. Rohde, and C. Dorner 1990 Neuroendocrine differentiation of sex-specific gonadotrophin secretion, sexual orientation, and gender role behavior. Pp. 167–194 in M. Haug, P.F. Brain, and C. Aron, eds., Heterotypical Behavior in Man and Animals. London: Chapman and Hall.

Goy, R.W. 1968 Organizing effects of androgen on the behavior of rhesus monkeys. Pp. 12–31 in R.P. Michael, ed., Endocrinology and Human Behavior. London: Oxford University Press.

Goy, R.W., and M. Roy 1990 Heterotypic sexual behavior in female mammals. Pp. 71–97 in M. Haug, P.F. Brain, and C. Aron, eds., Heterotypical Behaviour in Man and Animals. London: Chapman and Hall.

Green, R., R.E. Whalen, B. Butley, and C. Battie 1972 Dominance hierarchy in squirrel monkeys: Role of gonads and androgen on genital display and feeding order. Folia Primatologia 18:185–195.

Groth, A.N. 1979 Men Who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender. New York: Plenum Press.

Hamburg, D.A. 1971 Recent research on hormonal factors relevant to human aggressiveness. International Social Science Journal 23:36–47.

Hammer, R.P., K.M. Hori, P. Cholvanich, D.C. Blanchard, and R.J. Blanchard 1990 Opiate, serotonin, and benzodiazepine receptor systems in rat brain defense circuits. Pp. 201–217 in P.F. Brain, S. Parmigiani, R. Blanchard, and D. Mainardi, eds., Fear and Defence. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Press, gmbh.

Harding, C.F. 1981 Social modulation of circulating hormone levels in the male. American Zoologist 21:223–231.

1989 Interactions of androgens and estrogens in the modulation of social behavior in male songbirds. Pp. 558–579 in R.J. Blanchard, P.F. Brain, D.C. Blanchard, and S. Parmigiani, eds., Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Study of Behavior. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Press.

Hasan, S.A., P.F. Brain, and D. Castano 1988 Studies of the effects of Tamoxifen ICI 46474 on agonistic encounters

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

between pairs of intact mice. Hormones and Behavior 22:178–185.

Haug, M., and P.F. Brain 1989 Psychobiological influences of attack on lactating females: A varient on "typical" house mouse aggression. Pp. 205–222 in P.F. Brain, D. Mainardi, and S. Parmigiani, eds., House Mouse Aggression . Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers gmbh.

Hays, S.E. 1978 Strategies for psychoendocrine studies of puberty. Psychoeuro-endocrinology 3:1–15.

Hellhammer, D.H., W. Hubert, and T. Schurmeyer 1985 Changes in saliva testosterone after psychological stimulation in men. Psychoeuroendocrinology 10:77–81.

Hucklebridge, F.H., L. Gamal el Din, and P.F. Brain 1981 Social status and the adrenal medulla in the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). Behavioral and Neural Biology 33:345–363.

Huntingford, F., and A. Turner 1987 Animal Conflict. London: Chapman and Hall.

Jeffcoate, W.J., N.B. Lincoln, C. Selby, and M. Herbert 1986 Correlation between anxiety and serum prolactin in humans. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 30:217–222.

Jones, S.E., and P.F. Brain 1987 Performances of inbred and outbred laboratory mice in putative tests on aggression. Behavior Genetics 17:87–96.

Joslyn, W.D. 1973 Androgen-induced social dominance in infant female rhesus monkeys. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 14:137–145.

Julian, T., and P.C. McKenry 1989 Relationship of testosterone to men's family functioning at midlife: A research note. Aggressive Behavior 15:281–289.


Kaplan, H., and S.O. Hyland 1972 Behavioral development in the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus. Animal Behaviour 20:147–154.

Karli, P. 1981 Conceptual and methological problems associated with the study of brain mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior. Pp. 323–362 in P.F. Brain and D. Benton, eds., The Biology of Aggression. Alphen aan den Rijn, Holland: Sijthoff and Noordhoof b.v.

Kelley, D.B. 1981 Social signals—an overview. American Zoologist 21:111–116.

Kesler, P., R. Green, S.J. Finch, and K. Williams 1980 Prenatal "female hormone" administration and psychosexual development in human males . Psychoeuroendocrinology 5:269–285.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Klama, J. 1988 Aggression: Conflict in Animals and Humans Reconsidered. Burnt Mill, Harlow, England: Longman Group.

Kutash, I.L., S.B. Kutash, L.B. Schlesinger and Associates, eds. 1978 Violence: Perspectives on Murder and Aggression. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Langevin, R., J. Bain, M. Ben-Aron, R. Coulthard, D. Day, L. Handy, G. Heasman, S. Hucker, J. Purins, V. Roper, A. Russan, C. Webster, and G. Wortzman 1985 Sexual aggression: Constructing a predictive equation. Pp. 50–93 in R. Langevin, ed., Erotic Preference Gender Identity and Aggression in Men. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Larsson, K., P. Sodersten, and C. Beyer 1973 Induction of male sexual behavior by oestradiol benzoate in conjunction with dihydrotestosterone. Journal of Endocrinology 57:563–564.

Laskowski, W. 1954 Einige verhaltensstudien an Platypoecilus variatus. Biologisches Zentralblatt 73:429–438.

Lehrman, D.S. 1965 Interaction between internal and external environments in the regulation of the reproductive cycle of the ring dove. Pp. 355–380 in F.A. Beach, ed., Sex and Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Leshner, A.I. 1980 Interaction of experience and neuroendocrine factors in determining behavioral adaptations to aggression. Pp. 427–438 in P.S. McConnell et al., eds., Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 53. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier/North-Holland.

1981 The role of hormones in the control of submissiveness. Pp. 309–322 in P.F. Brain and D. Benton, eds., Multidisciplinary Approaches to Aggression Research. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier/N North-Holland.

Leshner, A.I., and K.E. Roche 1977 Comparison of the effects of ACTH and lysine vasopressin on avoidance-of-attack in mice. Physiology and Behavior 18:879–833.

Levander, S., A. Mattsson, D. Schalling, and A. Dalteg 1987 Psychoendocrine patterns within a group of male juvenile delinquents as related to early psychosocial stress, diagnostic classification, and follow-up data. Pp. 235–252 in D. Magnusson and A. Ohman, eds., Psychopathology: An International Perspective. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press.

Lincoln, G.A. 1987 Long-term stimulatory effects of a continuous infusion of LHRH

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

agonist on testicular function in male red deer (Cervus elaphus). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 80:257–261.

Lloyd, C.W., and J. Weisz 1975 Hormones and aggression. Pp. 92–113 in W.S. Fields and W.H. Sweet, eds., Neural Bases of Violence and Aggression. St. Louis, Missouri: Warren H. Green.

Magnusson, D. 1987 Adult delinquency in the light of conduct and physiology at an early age: A longitudinal study. Pp. 221–234 in D. Magnusson and A. Ohman, eds., Psychopathology: An International Perspective. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press.

1988 Individual Development from an Interactional Perspective: A Longitudinal Study. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Mainwaring, W.I.P. 1975 A review of the formation and binding of 5a dihydrotestosterone in the mechanism of action of androgens in the prostate of the rat and other speicies. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44:377–393.

Massa, R., L. Bottoni, and V. Lucini 1983 Brain testosterone metabolism and sexual behavior in birds. Pp. 230–236 in J. Balthazart, E. Prove, and R. Gilles, eds., Hormones and Behavior in Higher Vertebrates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Mattsson, A., D. Schalling, D. Olweus, H. Low, and J. Svensson 1980 Plasma testosterone, aggressive behavior and personality dimensions in young male delinquents. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 19:476–490.

Mazur, A., and T.A. Lamb 1980 Testosterone, status and mood in human males. Hormones and Behavior 14:236–246.

McEwen, B.S., and D.W. Pfaff 1985 Hormone effects on hypothalamic neurons: Analysing gene expression and neuromodulator actions. Trends in Neuroscience 8:105–110.

McEwen, B.S., D.W. Pfaff, and R.E. Zigmond 1970 Factors influencing sex hormone uptake by rate brain regions: Effects of competing steroids on testosterone uptake. Brain Research 21:29–38.

McKinney, T.D., and C. Desjardins 1973 Postnatal development of the testis, fighting behavior and fertility in house mice. Biology of Reproduction 9:279–294.

Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F.L. 1980 Androgens and human aggression. Pp. 263–290 in P.F. Brain and D. Benton, eds., The Biology of Aggression. Alphen aan den Rijn, Holland: Sijthoff and Noordhoof b.v.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F.L., and A.A. Ehrhardt 1982 Prenatal sex hormone and human aggression: A review and new data on progestogen effects. Aggressive Behavior 8:39–62.

Meyerson, B.J. 1967 Relationship between the anesthetic and gestagenic action and oestrous behavior-inducing activity of different progestins. Endocrinology 81:369–374.

1983 Endorphin-monoamine interaction and steroid-dependent behavior. Pp. 111–117 in J. Balthazart, E. Prove, and R. Gilles, eds., Hormones and Behavior in Higher Vertebrates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Miczek, K.A., and M. Krsiak 1981 Pharmacological analysis of attack and flight. Pp. 341–354 in P.F. Brain and D. Benton, eds., Multidisciplinary Approaches to Aggression Research. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier/North Holland.

Mirsky, A.F. 1955 The influence of sex hormones on social behavior in monkeys. The Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 48:327–335.

Money, J. 1990 The development of sexuality and eroticism in humankind. Pp. 127–166 in M. Haug, P.F. Brain, and C. Aron, eds., Heterotypical Behavior in Man and Animals. London: Chapman and Hall.

Money, J., and A.A. Ehrhardt 1972 Man and Woman, Boy and Girl. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Money, J., and C. Ogunro 1974 Behavioral sexology: Ten cases of genetic male intersexuality with impaired prenatal and pubertal androgenization. Archives of Sexual Behavior 3:181–205.

Money, J., and M. Schwartz 1976 Fetal androgens in the early treated adrenogenital syndrome of 46 hermaphroditism: Influence on assertive and aggressive types of behavior. Aggressive Behavior: 2:19–30.

Monti, P.M., W.A. Brown, and D.P. Corriveau 1977 Testosterone and components of aggressive and sexual behavior in man. American Journal of Psychiatry 134:692–694.

Mugford, R.A. 1974 Androgenic stimulation of aggression eliciting cues in adult opponent mice castrated at birth, weaning or maturity. Hormones and Behavior 5:93–102.

Naess, O., and A. Attramadal 1974 Uptake and binding of androgens in the anterior pituitary gland, hypothalmus, preoptic and brain cortex of rats. Acta endocrinologica Kbn. 76:417–430.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Naftolin, F., and R.J. Ryan 1975 The metabolism of androgen in central neuroendocrine tissues. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 6:993–997.

O'Connor, M., and H.W.G. Baker 1983 Depo-medroxy progesterone acetate as an adjunctive treatment in three aggressive schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 67:399–402.

Olweus, D. 1984 Development of stable aggressive reaction patterns in males. Pp. 103–137 in R.J. Blanchard and D.C. Blanchard, eds., Advances in the Study of Aggression, Vol. 1. Orlando, Florida.: Academic Press.

1986 Aggression and hormones: Behavioral relationship with testosterone and adrenaline. Pp. 51–72 in D. Olweus, J. Block, and M. Radke-Yarrow, eds., Development of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior: Research, Theories, and Issues. New York: Academic Press.

Olweus, D., A. Mattsson, D. Schalling, and H. Low 1980 Testosterone, aggression, physical and personality dimensions in normal adolescent males. Psychosomatic Medicine 42:253–269.

1988 Circulating testosterone levels and aggression in adolescent males. Psychosomatic Medicine 50:261–272.

Owens, N.W. 1975 A comparison of aggressive play and aggression in free-living baboons Papio anubis. Animal Behaviour 23:757–765.


P'an, S.Y., and G.D. Laubach 1964 Steroid central depressants. Pp. 415–475 in R.I. Dorfman, ed., Methods in Hormone Research, Vol. 3. New York: Academic Press.

Parrott, R.F. 1975 Aromatizable and 5a-reduced androgens: Differentiation between central and peripheral effects on male rat sexual behavior. Hormones and Behavior 6:99–108.

1976 Homotypical sexual behavior in gonadectomized female and male rats treated with 5a-19-hydroxytestosterone: Comparison with related androgens. Hormones and Behavior 7:207–215.

Payne, A.P. 1976 A comparison of the effects of neonatally administered testosterone, testosterone propionate and dihydrotestosterone on aggressive and sexual behavior in female Golden hamster. Journal of Endocrinology 69:23–31.

Payne, A.P., and H.H. Swanson 1972 The effect of sex hormones on the agonistic behavior of the male Golden hamster. Physiology and Behavior 8:687–691.

Pfaff, D.W. 1971 Steroid sex hormones in the rate brain: Specificity of uptake

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

and physiological effects. Pp. 103–112 in C.H. Sawyer and R.A. Gorski, eds., Steroid Hormones and Brain Function. Berkeley.: University of California Press.

Poole, T.B. 1985 Social Behavior in Mammals. New York: Chapman and Hall. Popova, N.K., N.N. Voitenko, S.I. Pavlova, E.V. Naumenko, and D.K. Belyaev

1980 Genetics and phenogenetics of hormonal characteristics in animals. VII. Relationship between brain serotonin and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis under emotional stress in domesticated and non-domesticated silver foxes. Genetics 16:1865–1870 (in Russian).

Poshivalov, V.P. 1982 Ethological analysis of neuropeptides and psychotropic drugs: Effects on intraspecies aggression and sociability of isolated mice. Aggressive Behavior 8:355–369.

Reinisch, J.M. 1981 Prenatal exposure to synthetic progestins increases potential for aggression in humans. Science 211:1171–1173.

Resko, J.A. 1974 The relationship between fetal hormones and the differentiation of the central nervous system in primates. Pp. 211–222 in W. Montagna and W.A. Sadler, eds., Reproductive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

Roberts, S.S. 1990 Murder, mayhem, and other joys of youth. The Journal of NIH Research 2:67–72.

Rose, R.M., T.P. Gordon, and I.S. Bernstein 1978 Diurnal variation in plasma testosterone and cortisol in rhesus monkeys living in social groups. Journal of Endocrinology 76:67–74.


Salvador, A., V. Simon, F. Suay, and L. Llorens 1987 Testosterone and cortisol responses to competitive fighting in human males: A pilot study. Aggressive Behavior 13:9–13.

Schallert, T. 1977 Reactivity to food odours during hypothalamic stimulation in rats not experienced with stimulation-induced eating. Physiology and Behavior 18:1061–1066.

Scott, J.P. 1981 The evolution of function in agonistic behavior. Pp. 129–157 in P.F. Brain and D. Benton, eds., Multidisciplinary Approaches to Aggression Research. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.

Schultz, L., and R. Lore 1987 Jolly fat rats? The effects of diet-induced obesity on fighting. Aggressive Behavior 13:359–366.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

Selmanoff, M.K., J.E. Jumonville, S.C. Maxson, and B.E. Ginsburg 1975 Evidence for a Y-chromosome contribution to an aggressive phenotype in inbred mice. Nature 253-529–530.

Sharp, P.J., J. Culbert, and J.W. Wells 1977 Variations in stored and plasma concentrations of androgens and luteinizing hormone during sexual development in the cockerel. Journal of Endocrinology 74:467–476.

Sheard, M.H. 1987 Psychopharmacology of aggression in humans. Pp. 257–266 in B. Olivier, J. Mos, and P.F. Brain, eds., Ethopharmacology of Agonistic Behavior in Animals and Humans. Dordecht, Holland: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Sherwin, B.B., M.M. Gelfand, and B. Brender 1985 Androgen enhances sexual motivation in females: A prospective crossover study of sex steroid administration in the surgical menopause. Psychosomatic Medicine 47:339–351.

Siegel, J.M. 1986 The multidimensional anger inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51:191–200.

Sigg, E.B., C. Day, and C. Colombo 1966 Endocrine factors in isolation-induced aggressiveness in rodents. Endocrinology 78:679–684.

Silver, R. 1983 Biparental care in birds: Mechanisms controlling incubation bout duration. Pp. 451–462 in J. Balthazart, E. Prove, and R. Gilles, eds., Hormones and Behavior in Higher Vertebrates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Simon, N.G., and R.E. Whalen 1986 Hormonal regulation of aggression: Evidence for a relationship among genotype, receptor binding and behavior sensitivity to androgen and estrogen. Aggressive Behavior 12:255–266.

Simon, V., M. Martinez, D. Castano, P.F. Brain, and S. Hasan 1987 Studies on the effects of the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate on social encounters between pairs of male mice. International Journal of Neuroscience 41:231–240.

Steiner, M., and B.J. Carroll 1977 The psychobiology of premenstrual dysphoria: Review of theories and treatments. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2:321–325.

Straus, M. 1979 Measuring intrafamily conflict violence: The conflict tactics CT scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family 41:75–88.

Suchowsky, G.K., L. Pegrassi, and A. Bonsignori 1969 The effect of steroids on aggressive behavior in isolated male mice. Pp. 161–171 in S. Garattini and E.B. Sigg, eds., Aggressive Behavior. Amsterdam, Holland: Excerpta Medica Foundation.

Suffrin, G., and D.S. Coffey 1973 A new model for studying the effect of drugs on prostatic growth

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

I. Antiandrogens and DNA synthesis. Investigative Urology II:45–54.

Susman, E.J., G. Inoff-Germain, E.D. Nottelmann, D.L. Loriaux, G.B. Cutler, and G.P. Chrousos 1987 Hormones, emotional dispositions, and aggressive attributes in young adolescents. Child Development 58:1114–1134.

Svare, B. 1977 Maternal aggression in mice: Influence of the young. Biobehavioral Reviews I:151–164.

1989 Recent advances in the study of female aggressive behavior in mice. Pp. 135–159 in P.F. Brain, D. Mainardi, and S. Parmigiani, eds., House Mouse Aggression. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers gmbh.

Svare, B.B., and M.A. Mann 1983 Hormonal influences on maternal aggression. Pp. 91–104 in B.B. Svare, ed., Hormones and Aggressive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

Symons, J. 1973 Aggressive Play in a Free-Ranging Group of Rhesus Monkeys Macaca mulatta. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

Thomas, D.A., R.J. Talala, and R.J. Barfield 1981 Effect of devocalization of the male on mating behavior in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 95:630–637.

Tiwary, C.M. 1974 Testosterone, LHRH, and behavior. Lancet May 18:993.

Tonks, C.M. 1977 Psychiatric aspects of endocrine disorders. Practioner 218:526–531.


Valenti, G., and M. Mainardi 1989 Aggressiveness in mice and thyroid hormones. Pp. 293–309 in P.F. Brain, D. Mainardi, and S. Parmigiani, eds., House Mouse Aggression . Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers gmbh.

van de Poll, N.E., and H. van Dis 1977 Hormone induced lordosis and its relation to masculine sexual activity in male rats. Hormones and Behavior 8:17–7.

van de Poll, N.E., J.P.C. de Bruin, H. van Dis, and H.G. Van Oyen 1978 Gonadal hormones and the differentiation of sexual and aggressive behavior and learning in the rat. Pp. 309–327 in Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 18. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland.

van de Poll, N.E., F. de Jonge, H.G. Van Oyen, J. Van Pelt, and J.P.C. de Bruin 1981 Failure to find sex differences in testosterone-activated aggression in two strains of rats. Hormones and Behavior 15:94–105.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.

vom Saal, F.S. 1983 Models of early hormonal effects on intersex aggression in mice. Pp. 197–222 in B.B. Svare, ed., Hormones and Aggressive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 229
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 230
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 231
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 232
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 233
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 234
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 235
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 236
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 237
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 238
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 239
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 240
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 241
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 242
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 243
Suggested Citation: "REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1994. Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4420.
Page 244
Next Chapter: NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
Subscribe to Emails from the National Academies
Stay up to date on activities, publications, and events by subscribing to email updates.