International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment (2024)
Chapter: Appendix B: Glossary
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Appendix A: Committee Biographical Information
Appendix B
Next Chapter: Appendix C: Foreign Talent Programs That May Pose a Threat to the National Security Interests of the United States
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix B: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27787.
Appendix B
Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Co-publish | To publish (an academic article) jointly |
| Five Eyes | An intelligence alliance between the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand |
| Foreign talent recruitment program | “Any program, position, or activity that includes compensation in the form of cash, in-kind compensation, including research funding, promised future compensation, complimentary foreign travel, things of non de minimis value, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, or other types of remuneration or consideration directly provided by a foreign country at any level (national, provincial, or local) or their designee, or an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country, to an individual, whether directly or indirectly stated in the arrangement, contract, or other documentation at issue” (Prabhakar, 2024a) |
| Fundamental research | Basic or applied research in science and engineering that does not place any restrictions on publication or who may participate, and is not subject to export controls |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix B: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27787.
| Immigrant | A foreign national wishing to enter and remain in the United States on a permanent basis |
| Immigrant-origin students | Students who are first- or second-generation immigrants to the United States. First-generation immigrants were born abroad and immigrated to the United States, while second-generation students were born in the United States and have at least one parent who is an immigrant |
| Malign foreign talent recruitment program | “(A) any program, position, or activity that includes compensation in the form of cash, in-kind compensation, including research funding, promised future compensation, complimentary foreign travel, things of non de minimis value, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, or other types of remuneration or consideration directly provided by a foreign country at any level (national, provincial, or local) or their designee, or an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country, to the targeted individual, whether directly or indirectly stated in the arrangement, contract, or other documentation at issue, in exchange for the individual— |
| (i) engaging in the unauthorized transfer of intellectual property, materials, data products, or other nonpublic information owned by a United States entity or developed with a Federal research and development award to the government of a foreign country or an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country regardless of whether that government or entity provided support for the development of the intellectual property, materials, or data products; | |
| (ii) being required to recruit trainees or researchers to enroll in such program, position, or activity; | |
| (iii) establishing a laboratory or company, accepting a faculty position, or undertaking any other employment or appointment in a foreign country or with an entity |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix B: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27787.
| based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country if such activities are in violation of the standard terms and conditions of a Federal research and development award; | |
| (iv) being unable to terminate the foreign talent recruitment program contract or agreement except in extraordinary circumstances; | |
| (v) through funding or effort related to the foreign talent recruitment program, being limited in the capacity to carry out a research and development award or required to engage in work that would result in substantial overlap or duplication with a Federal research and development award; | |
| (vi) being required to apply for and successfully receive funding from the sponsoring foreign government’s funding agencies with the sponsoring foreign organization as the recipient; | |
| (vii) being required to omit acknowledgment of the recipient institution with which the individual is affiliated, or the Federal research agency sponsoring the research and development award, contrary to the institutional policies or standard terms and conditions of the Federal research and development award; | |
| (viii) being required to not disclose to the Federal research agency or employing institution the participation of such individual in such program, position, or activity; or | |
| (ix) having a conflict of interest or conflict of commitment contrary to the standard terms and conditions of the Federal research and development award; and | |
| (B) a program that is sponsored by— | |
| (i) a foreign country of concern or an entity based in a foreign country of concern, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country of concern; |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix B: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27787.
| (ii) an academic institution on the list developed under section 1286(c)(8) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note; Public Law 115-232); or | |
| (iii) a foreign talent recruitment program on the list developed under section 1286(c)(9) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note; Public Law 115-232).” (Prabhakar, 2024a) | |
| Nonimmigrant | A foreign national wishing to enter the United States on a temporary basis, whether for tourism, business, medical treatment, temporary work, or study |
| Points-based immigration system | An immigration system in which a government devises a set of attributes or characteristics that it deems important and that are assigned specific point values; applicants who amass a requisite number of points are eligible to apply for a visa independent of employment or an employer-sponsored visa Additional information available in Box 5-1 |
| Scientific publication output | The number of articles or publications published, does not include other bibliometric data |
| STEM | Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics Additional information available in Box 2-1 |
| Talent | The individuals who drive the knowledge economy through skills and expertise that they possess, impacting science, engineering, and economic development (Kerr, 2018) |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix B: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27787.
| Transnational Repression | The practice by which individuals or groups are targeted by authoritarian regimes beyond their borders, often through extrajudicial means, with the intent of suppressing dissent, silencing opposition, or punishing perceived threats to their power |
| This can include harassment, intimidation, surveillance, abduction, and assassination |
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