Unattributed pictures and pictures for which I have identified only a documentary source are those I believe to be in the public domain, or for which I have been unable to locate any holder of rights.
Nobody is keener on the laws of copyright than an author, and I have done my honest best to track down the proper parties for permission to reproduce photographs and pictures in this book. Locating those parties is, however, not easy. It is especially difficult in the case of pictures one finds on the internet, where nobody properly credits anything.
Should any person or institution feel that his, her, or its rights have been over-looked by my use of pictorial material in this book, I can only ask that he, she, or it get in touch with me through the publisher, so that I can make appropriate restitution, which I shall gladly and speedily do.
Neugebauer: Courtesy of the John Hay Library at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Hypatia: Painting by Charles William Mitchell (1854–1903), reproduced by permission of Tyne & Wear Museums, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
Cardano: From the frontispiece of Cardano’s The Great Art, or The Rules of Algebra. I have actually taken it from the M.I.T. Press edition of that work, translated and edited by T. Richard Witmer (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1968).
Viète: From the frontispiece of François Viète: Opera Mathematica, recognita Francisci A. Schooten; Georg Olms Verlag; Hildesheim (New York, 1970).
Descartes: An engraving by an artist unknown to me, taken from Franz Hals’s 1649 painting, which is in the Louvre, Paris.
Newton: An 1868 engraving by Thomas Oldham Barlow from the 1689 portrait by Godfrey Kneller, which is in the Wellcome Library, London.
Leibniz: Engraving from a painting in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
Ruffini: Taken from the frontispiece of Opere Matematiche di Paolo Ruffini, Vol. 1, Tipografia Matematica di Palermo, Italy (1915).
Cauchy: From the portrait by J. Roller (ca. 1840), by permission of École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Champs-sur-Marnes, France.
Abel: From Niels-Henrik Abel: Tableau de Sa Vie et Son Action Scientifique by C.-A. Bjerknes; Gauthier-Villars (Paris, 1885).
Galois: “Portrait d’Évariste Galois a quinze ans,” from the Annales de l’École Normale Supérieure, 3c série, Tome XIII (Paris, 1896).
Sylow: University of Oslo library, Norway.
Jordan: Taken from Oeuvres de Camille Jordan, Vol. 1, edited by J. Dieudonne; Gauthier-Villars & Cie., Editeur-Imprimeur-Libraire (Paris, 1961).
Hamilton: Portrait by Sarah Purser (from a photograph); courtesy of the library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.
Grassmann: Taken from Hermann Grassmanns Gesammelte Mathematische und Physikalische Werke, Chelsea Publishing Company (Bronx, New York, 1969). By permission, American Mathematical Society.
Riemann: Courtesy of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz.
Abbott: Courtesy of City of London School.
Plücker: From Julius Plückers Gesammelte Mathematische Abhandlungen, edited by A. Schoenflies, Druck und Verlag von B.G. Teubner (Leipzig, Germany, 1895).
Lie: Portrait by Joachim Frich, courtesy of the University of Oslo, Norway.
Klein, Dedekind, Hilbert, Noether: Courtesy of Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Göttingen, Germany; Abteilung für Handschriften und seltene Drucke.
Lefschetz: By permission of the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library, New Jersey.
Zariski, Grothendieck: Courtesy of the Archives of the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, Germany.
Mac Lane: University of Chicago Library.
The Calabi–Yau illustration (Figure 15-3) was created by Jean-François Colonna of the Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées at the École Polytechnique in Paris. It is reproduced here with his permission.